Crime scene discovery: Scientist separates the DNA of identical twins -- ScienceDaily
The probability of a DNA match between two unrelated individuals is about one in a billion. For two full siblings, the probability drops to one-in-10,000. But identical twins present exactly the same DNA profile as each other and this has created legal conundrums when it was not possible to tell which of the pair was guilty or innocent of a crime. This has led to prosecutions being dropped, rather than run the risk of convicting the wrong twin.
Now Dr Graham Williams and his Forensic Genetics Research Group at the University of Huddersfield have developed a solution to the problem and published their findings in the journal Analytical Biochemistry.
Previous methods have been proposed for distinguishing the DNA of twins. One is termed "mutation analysis," where the whole genome of both twins is sequenced to identify mutations that might have occurred to one of them.
"If such a mutation is identified at a particular location in the twin, then that same particular mutation can be specifically searched for in the crime scene sample. However, this is very expensive and time-consuming and is unlikely to be paid for by cash-strapped police forces," according to Dr Williams, who has shown that a cheaper, quicker technique is available.
It is based on the concept of DNA methylation, which is effectively the molecular mechanism that turns various genes on and off.
As twins get older, the degree of difference between them grows as they are subjected to increasingly different environments. For example, one might take up smoking, or one might have a job outdoors and the other a desk job. This will cause changes in the methylation status of the DNA.
In order to carry our speedy, inexpensive analysis of this, Dr Williams and his team propose a technique named "high resolution melt curve analysis" (HRMA).
"What HRMA does is to subject the DNA to increasingly high temperatures until the hydrogen bonds break, known as the melting temperature. The more hydrogen bonds that are present in the DNA, the higher the temperature required to melt them," explains Dr Williams.
"Consequently, if one DNA sequence is more methylated than the other, then the melting temperatures of the two samples will differ -- a difference that can be measured, and which will establish the difference between two identical twins."
HRMA has some limitations, acknowledges Dr Williams. For example young twins, or twins raised in highly similar environments may not have yet developed sufficient methylation differences.
Also the technique requires a high sample quantity that might not be present at the crime scene.
"Nevertheless, we have demonstrated substantial progress towards a relatively cheap and quick test for differentiating between identical twins in forensic case work," says Dr Williams, who gives a detailed summary of the science behind the breakthrough at blog-site The Conversation.
Welcome to SUV System Ltd!
SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.
We have built up long term business relationship with about many companies which are stockers and authorized agents. we have a steady and reliable supply to meet customer's demands to the greatest extent .Confidently, we are able to lower your cost and support your business with our years of professional service.
SUV System Ltd is Electronic Components Distributor Supplies,Find Quality Electronic Components Supplies Products IC(Integrated Circuits),Connectors,Capacitor,Resistors,Diodes,Transistors,LED at Suvsystem.com. Sourcing Other Energy, Environment, Excess Inventory Products from Manufacturers and Suppliers at Suvsystem.com
Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com
Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html
IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html
LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html
Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html
Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html
Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html
Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html
SUV System Ltd insists on the managing faith ofsincereness,speciality,foresight, win-win,so we build up stable-relationship customers located all over the world, including the States, Europe, Argentina, UAE, Malaysia, Australia,and India etc
we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.
MURATA IC Civil IC Electronic News Fast Recovery Diodes Capacitor Microchip IC HARRIS IC Voltage Regulators Transistors SANYO IC Resistors Rectifier Diodes Renesas parts IC TOSHIBA Transistors IDT IC ST Transistors Connectors Cypress IC INFLNEON Diodes Other Parts Freescale Semiconductor NEC Diodes Current Sensors Resistors YAGEO Resistors TDK IC Multi-units Transistors TOSHIBA Diodes Atmel IC Vishay resistors NEC Transistors Diodes Inc LED part Transistors Freescale ALTERA IC IR transistor Schottky Diodes LED ELPIDA IC Fleld Effect Transistors Discrete Semiconductor Transistors Xilinx IC
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/44622.aspx
