2021年7月14日星期三

Hystrix使用分析

Hystrix使用

使用Hystrix实现熔断

要实现熔断,首先需要在请求调用方pom文件中加入

  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>  </dependency>

在启动类上加入@EnableCircuitBreaker注解,并在调用到另一个微服务的方法上加入一些配置

 @GetMapping("/checkHystrix/{userId}") @HystrixCommand(threadPoolKey = "checkHystrix1", threadPoolProperties = {   @HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize",value = "1"),   @HystrixProperty(name = "maxQueueSize",value = "20") }, commandProperties = {   @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="2000") }) public Integer checkHystrix(@PathVariable Long userId) {  String url = "http://zhao-service-resume/resume/openstate/"+userId;  Integer forObject =    restTemplate.getForObject(url, Integer.class);  return forObject; }

将调用到的服务中加入线程休眠十秒。访问上述服务,在界面上即可发现Hystrix的超时错误
file

服务降级

在配置中再增加一个 fallbackMethod = "customeFallback",
配置降级兜底方法的具体形式是

 public Integer customeFallback(Long userId){  return -1; }

当某个服务熔断之后,服务器将不再被调⽤,此刻客户端可以⾃⼰准备⼀个本地的fallback回调,返回⼀个缺省值,这样做,虽然服务⽔平下降,但好⽍可⽤,⽐直接挂掉要强。但是在配置服务降级策略时,降级(兜底)⽅法必须和被降级⽅法相同的⽅法签名(相同参数列表、相同返回值)
如果参数不同会出现com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.exception.FallbackDefinitionException: fallback method wasn't found: customeFallback([class java.lang.Long])
如果返回值不同会出现。且包装类和基本类型不能共用
Hint: Fallback method 'public int com.zp.controller.AutoDeliverController.customeFallback(java.lang.Long)' must return: class java.lang.Integer or its subclass

仓壁模式(线程池隔离模式)

如果不进⾏任何线程池设置,所有熔断⽅法使⽤⼀个Hystrix线程池(默认为10个线程),那么这样的话会导致问题,这个问题并不是扇出链路微服务不可⽤导致的,⽽是我们的线程机制导致的,如果⽅法A的请求把10个线程都⽤了,⽅法2请求处理的时候压根都、没法去访问B,因为没有线程可⽤,并不是B服务不可⽤。因此在配置Hystrix线程时,多个方法应该写多个线程池。这样能够让线程之间互不影响

 @GetMapping("/checkHystrix/{userId}") @HystrixCommand(threadPoolKey = "checkHystrix1", threadPoolProperties = {   @HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize",value = "1"),   @HystrixProperty(name = "maxQueueSize",value = "20") }, commandProperties = {   @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="2000") }) public Integer checkHystrix(@PathVariable Long userId) {  String url = "http://zhao-service-resume/resume/openstate/"+userId;  Integer forObject =    restTemplate.getForObject(url, Integer.class);  return forObject; } @GetMapping("/checkHystrixFallback/{userId}") @HystrixCommand(threadPoolKey = "checkHystrix2",   threadPoolProperties = {     @HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize",value = "2"),     @HystrixProperty(name = "maxQueueSize",value = "20")   },   commandProperties = {     @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="2000")   },   fallbackMethod = "customeFallback" )

通过postman发送批量请求,并通过jstack命令可以看到两个方法的线程池进行了隔离
file

其他属性的含义

   commandProperties = {     @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="2000"),     @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds",value = "8000"),     @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "2"),     @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value="50"),     @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value="3000")   }

metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds该属性是下面的熔断的统计时间窗口定义
circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold该属性统计时间窗⼝内的失败的次数,达到此次数之后开启熔断操作
circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage 窗口内失败的次数的百分比,达到这个百分比之后开启熔断操作
circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds 熔断多久间隔多久以后开始尝试是否恢复

源码简要分析

首先我们根据注解类@EnableCircuitBreaker可以找到SpringFactoryImportSelector类,该类通过泛型在spring.factories文件中找到注解了该泛型的配置类

@Override	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {		if (!isEnabled()) {			return new String[0];		}		AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotationAttributes.fromMap(				metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(this.annotationClass.getName(), true));		Assert.notNull(attributes, "No " + getSimpleName() + " attributes found. Is "				+ metadata.getClassName() + " annotated with @" + getSimpleName() + "?");		// Find all possible auto configuration classes, filtering duplicates		List<String> factories = new ArrayList<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader				.loadFactoryNames(this.annotationClass, this.beanClassLoader)));		if (factories.isEmpty() && !hasDefaultFactory()) {			throw new IllegalStateException("Annotation @" + getSimpleName()					+ " found, but there are no implementations. Did you forget to include a starter?");		}		if (factories.size() > 1) {			// there should only ever be one DiscoveryClient, but there might be more than			// one factory			log.warn("More than one implementation " + "of @" + getSimpleName()					+ " (now relying on @Conditionals to pick one): " + factories);		}		return factories.toArray(new String[factories.size()]);	}

随后在spring.factories中找到了加载的配置类

org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker=\org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration

配置类中配置了一个切面HystrixCommandAspect,Hystrix实现的主要功能都在这个切面中进行了执行

 public Object methodsAnnotatedWithHystrixCommand(final ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {  Method method = getMethodFromTarget(joinPoint);  Validate.notNul......

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Hystrix使用使用Hystrix实现熔断要实现熔断,首先需要在请求调用方pom文件中加入<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId></de
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